When a baby comes, it brings many changes. Both parents face a dramatic life shift which can bring consequences. For example, couples are more likely to get separated after having a baby. Many get a divorce during the child’s first 2 years of life.

There are many complications to giving birth. Some of these are cardiomyopathy, cardiovascular diseases, and haemorrhage. But this article is about a different pathology: postnatal depression. Here, mums can find all the information they need about this condition. This includes symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

What is postnatal depression

Postnatal depression usually happens four weeks after delivery. A new-born brings lots of joy but also physical, emotional, and social changes. According to the UK’s Mental Health Foundation, postnatal depression is diagnosed after 2 weeks of presenting symptoms. This condition is not only diagnosed by the duration of symptoms but also their severity.

It’s linked to a series of changes that happen when a woman has a baby. These can be of chemical, psychological, and social nature. The affliction can affect both parents, especially mums, and can be treated with medication and professional support.

Causes of postnatal depression

One of the main causes has its roots in body chemistry changes. Although there is no definitive proof, this seems to be a conditioning factor. Women’s reproductive hormones (progesterone and oestrogen) increase considerably during pregnancy. But it takes only three days after delivery for them to go back to normal levels. This can lead to mood changes and anxiety. Especially if there are other factors involved like personal issues, natural propensity, or mental disease background.

Moreover, women undergo physical and social changes during this period. Their body has gained weight and is different, their social life is affected, and regular habits are replaced with new ones. This can cause psychological stress.

Baby blues or postpartum depression?

These terms are not interchangeable. The ‘baby blues’ is a common phenomenon that happens immediately after giving birth and lasts about 2 weeks. If it lasts longer, we are already facing postpartum depression.

Can the father suffer from postnatal depression?

The answer is yes. Men aren’t immune to this condition. Their reality also changes, and they may feel left out. Sleep deprivation and money issues can be detonating factors for this syndrome. Some may also be overwhelmed with the new responsibilities. This is worsened if the mum suffers from this affliction too.

Signs and symptoms of postnatal depression

  • • Trouble sleeping
  • • Changes in appetite
  • • Fatigue
  • • Libido fluctuations (generally lower)
  • • Mood changes
  • • Sensation of sadness
  • • Anxiety and extreme worrying

The above symptoms can also indicate a ‘baby blues’ state and are common in new mums. The next ones, however, indicate a more severe condition.

  • • Emotional disconnection with the baby
  • • Crying frequently and for no reason
  • • Depression
  • • Anger or crankiness
  • • Loss of pleasure
  • • Feeling of helplessness, worthlessness, or hopelessness
  • • Suicidal thoughts
  • • Thoughts of hurting someone else
  • • Trouble concentrating

Mums can also experience OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder) during this period. This is usually connected to extreme concern about the infant’s health or one’s ability to take care of the child. Between 1% and 3% of women can experience irrational fears and panic attacks.

If these symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks, it means it’s time to get help.

Postnatal depression treatment and prevention

There are many ways to treat this disease. The approach includes psychotherapy, medication, and participation in support groups. Even when breastfeeding, the mum can take antidepressants and antipsychotics. This is something the family needs to assess and decide with professional help. Don’t be afraid to turn to a psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health counsellors. Taking preventive measures is always advisable, especially if you have a history of depression. Consider the following factors to maintain solid mental health:

  • • You are not alone. Don’t be afraid to seek help, not only from professionals. Talk to your family, friends, and especially to your partner.
  • • Be realistic about your expectations as a mother.
  • • Exercise regularly according to your doctor’s advice.
  • • Take a break. Get out of the house regularly, even if it’s for a short time.
  • • Understand that there will be good and bad days.
  • • Watch your diet. Avoid alcohol, caffeine and eat healthy food. Even if not breastfeeding, this habit will contribute to your wellbeing.
  • • Make time to spend with your partner.
  • • Don’t isolate yourself from the rest of the world. Be in touch with friends and family.
  • • Limit visitors at the hospital and during the first weeks at home. Be only around your closest people.
  • • Socialize. Although this may sound impossible the first few months, keep it in mind for later. Organize get-togethers with other parents having children of around the same age. It can also be with people going through similar situations.
  • • Rest and sleep when your baby does.

Final thoughts on prenatal depression

While it’s true that this syndrome can affect your family and mental health, it’s not the end of the world. Parenting is challenging and there is no reason to feel ashamed. Most mums have a hard time during the first few weeks, but if this goes on beyond that, it’s time to look for help. Pay attention to some signals like libido decrease, sensation of hopelessness, and irrational fears.

Most importantly, don’t be afraid to open up to the people you love. Trust yourself and rely on your partner for help and support. This is the basis of a healthy family dynamic.